Introduction

Have you ever felt confused by the endless list of exemptions and deductions in your income tax return? You’re not alone. For decades, India’s tax system has relied on a maze of tax-saving options—from 80C investments to HRA claims—that often left taxpayers puzzled. To simplify this, the government introduced Income Tax Section 115BAC, popularly known as the optional tax regime.

This regime promises lower slab rates but comes with a big trade-off: you must give up most exemptions and deductions. In other words, it shifts from a “save tax through investments” model to a “save tax through reduced rates” system.

In this article, we’ll break down Section 115BAC in simple terms. We’ll explore its scope, who can opt in, what exemptions and deductions you lose, and whether it actually benefits you. Think of it like a choice between two roads—one longer but with several resting spots (old regime with exemptions), and another shorter but with no stops (new regime with flat rates). Which one should you take? Let’s find out.

Table of Contents

1. What is Income Tax Section 115BAC?

Section 115BAC, introduced in the Finance Act 2020, is an optional tax regime that allows individuals and Hindu Undivided Families (HUFs) to pay tax at lower slab rates by forgoing most deductions and exemptions.

Instead of adjusting income with dozens of allowances, you apply the reduced rates directly to your total income.

2. Why did the Government introduce Section 115BAC?

The government had two main goals:

1. Simplification of the tax system – Filing returns became too complex with multiple exemptions and deductions.
2. Boosting disposable income – With fewer savings-linked tax incentives, people could spend more freely, encouraging economic growth.

In short, it’s like streamlining a cluttered closet—removing old items to make space for a cleaner, simpler setup.

3. Who can opt for the optional tax regime?

Section 115BAC is available to:

• Individuals (both residents and non-residents)
• HUFs (Hindu Undivided Families)
• AOPs (Association of Persons) other than cooperative housing societies
• BOIs (Body of Individuals)
• AJPs (Artificial Juridical Persons)

Earlier, only individuals without business income could opt for it. Later amendments extended it to business and professional income as well.

4. How does the new tax regime differ from the old one?

• Old Regime: Lower taxable income through exemptions/deductions (80C, HRA, LTA, home loan interest).
• New Regime (115BAC): Lower tax rates but no exemptions.

So, if you heavily invest in tax-saving schemes, the old regime may still be better. But if you prefer fewer calculations, the new regime offers simplicity.

5. Concessional tax slab rates under Section 115BAC

When first introduced, the slab rates were:

• Up to ₹2,50,000: Nil
• ₹2,50,001–₹5,00,000: 5%
• ₹5,00,001–₹7,50,000: 10%
• ₹7,50,001–₹10,00,000: 15%
• ₹10,00,001–₹12,50,000: 20%
• ₹12,50,001–₹15,00,000: 25%
• Above ₹15,00,000: 30%

6. Revised tax slabs under Budget 2023

From AY 2024-25, the slabs became more attractive:

• Up to ₹3,00,000: Nil
• ₹3,00,001–₹7,00,000: 5% on income above ₹3,00,000
• ₹7,00,001–₹10,00,000: ₹20,000 + 10% on income above ₹7,00,000
• ₹10,00,001–₹12,00,000: ₹50,000 + 15% on income above ₹10,00,000
• ₹12,00,001–₹15,00,000: ₹80,000 + 20% on income above ₹12,00,000
• Above ₹15,00,000: ₹1,40,000 + 30% on income above ₹15,00,000

This makes the new regime the default option.

7. Conditions to avail the concessional rates

To enjoy lower rates, taxpayers must:

• Give up most deductions and exemptions.
• File Form 10-IEA before the return due date if they wish to opt out of the new regime.
• Follow consistency—business taxpayers can’t switch regimes frequently.

If conditions are violated, the concessional option becomes invalid for that year.

8. Exemptions not allowed under Section 115BAC

Some popular exemptions withdrawn include:

• House Rent Allowance (HRA)
• Leave Travel Allowance (LTA/LTC)
• Special allowances like conveyance, city compensatory allowance, and uniform allowance

This affects salaried individuals who rely on these to reduce taxable income.

9. Deductions disallowed under Chapter VI-A

Almost all deductions under Sections 80C–80U are disallowed, including:

• 80C – LIC, PPF, ELSS, tuition fees
• 80D – Medical insurance
• 80E – Education loan interest
• 80G – Donations

This means taxpayers no longer save tax through traditional investment-linked incentives.

10. Impact on salaried individuals

Salaried taxpayers lose:

• Professional tax deduction
• Entertainment allowance deduction (for govt employees)

However, they do get a ₹50,000 standard deduction, retained after the Finance Act 2023.

11. Effect on taxpayers with housing loans

Under the old regime, you could claim up to ₹2,00,000 as a deduction for interest on a housing loan (Section 24b).

The new regime disallows this. For someone paying EMIs, the loss could mean higher tax liability.

12. Benefits of choosing the new regime

• Simplified compliance – No need to track multiple proofs or documents.
• Lower rates for mid-income earners – Especially those without big investments.
• Default regime – Less hassle in filing.

13. Drawbacks of the optional tax regime

• Loss of long-term incentives – Savings, insurance, and housing lose their tax advantages.
• Not beneficial for high investors – Those using 80C, 80D, or housing loan benefits may pay more tax.
• Reduced motivation to invest – Could impact financial planning habits.

14. Who should choose the old regime?

• People with home loans
• Salaried employees claiming HRA, LTA, and allowances
• Investors maximizing 80C, 80D, and other deductions

15. Conclusion: Which regime is right for you?

Section 115BAC simplifies taxation by offering lower slab rates in exchange for giving up most exemptions. It works best for taxpayers with fewer investments or deductions. On the other hand, if you rely heavily on housing loans, insurance policies, or HRA, the old regime might still be more rewarding.

At the end of the day, it’s like choosing between two different diets: one with fewer rules but fewer treats, and the other with many conditions but more rewards. The right choice depends on your personal financial habits.

FAQs

1. Can I switch between the old and new tax regimes every year?
   Yes, salaried individuals can choose each year. However, those with business income face restrictions and cannot switch frequently.
2. Does Section 115BAC allow any deductions at all?
   Yes, only a standard deduction of ₹50,000, employer’s contribution to NPS (80CCD(2)), and some specified allowances remain.
3. Is the new tax regime mandatory?
   From AY 2024–25, it is the default regime, but you can still opt for the old one using Form 10-IEA.
4. Who benefits more from Section 115BAC?
   Individuals with fewer investments or deductions benefit more, as they save through lower slab rates.
5. Should taxpayers with housing loans opt for the new regime?
   Usually no, since the new regime disallows the ₹2,00,000 housing loan interest deduction, making the old regime more attractive for them.